Essay about The Importance of Aggression in Animal Existence

The Importance of Aggression in Animal Existence Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is an inherent driving force to humans, as we, too, are animals. The source of aggression within humans is a long summative list, but before trying to understand its source one must apply a working definition of aggression. Aggressive behavior is defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as any action of an animal that serves to injure an opponent or prey animal or to cause an opponent to retreat. (7) David G. Myers states that aggression is any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.(9) There are many types of aggressive behaviors, which can be differentiated from the factual act to the hidden motives. For example, an†¦show more content†¦2. The behavior is taking place within an interpersonal situation which is characterized by an accumulated distress or a opposition. 3. The aggressor intends by the behavior in question to gain a greater advantage than the person on the other side of the aggression. 4. The aggressor carrying out the behavior has either provoked the situation or moved the conflict unto a higher degree of strength.(11) Aggression has numerous reasons and consequences both must be analyzed in order to see from whence it arises. An explicit example of the strength of both nature and nurture concerning aggression is the life of Kody Scott, a young gang member of California. He was already a gang member in middle school, and would not have been had the gang not already been in place when he graduated from elementary school – thus environment’s role in aggressive behavior, but one fateful day when he stole a car to get to the hospital for the birth of his first child, he intentionally detoured through the neighborhood of a rival gang and killed a rival gang member. The detour he deliberately took was a conscious decision and not provoked by the environment – hence nature’s toll on his aggressive act.(3) Aggression is usually associated with negative aspects of the world.(3) This is not necessarily true, though. Negativity is but half of the nature of aggression. Aggression can have very positive results. For example, a non-aggressive hockey player gets thrown around and willShow MoreRelatedAre Humans by Nature Aggressive? Essays1481 Words   |  6 Pagesearly twentieth century, aggression is the primary concern of the XXI century. Aggression has been studied a lot especially in terms of social significance. Most contradictory discussions about human aggression were focused on the innate-acquired main report. Some theories emphasize that aggression is fixed within our genetic code, while others sustain that factors such as education, environment, life experiences leave a mark on our behaviour, sometimes leading to aggression. Anderson and BushmanRead MoreAggression Is A Common Term And A Key Concept1766 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Aggression† is a common term and a key concept when it comes to the study of human behaviour. Aggression is different from anger. It is with no doubt that everyone will have experienced anger at some point in their lifetime and this anger may have been channelled into various forms including violence. The level of violence is variable and can even at times lead to murder. There is a close relationship between aggression and anger; however aggression is different from anger. It can be describedRead MoreUnderstanding The Dynamics Of Emotion, Compassion, Cognition,1119 Words   |  5 Pagesemotion, compassion, cognition, morality, culture, character, aggression and violence, will reveal the motivations for all character types, their role in stories, and overall their contributions to forwarding the storytellers message. But to understand these dynamics, they must be explored through the lense of objectivity, pragmatism, and an evolutionary perspective that explains the purpose of emotion in its entirety, and the importance of the emotion of love to the development of character and personalityRead MoreViktor Frankl Vs. Sigmund Freud1409 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant†© psychological†© philosophers†© of†© our time. They, have†© formed†© powerful†© perceptions†© concerning†© the†© role†© of†© culture, humanity, and†© the†© healing†© method. Even though†© Frankl†© and†© Freud†©jointly†© experienced†© misery†© within†© their†© own†© existences†© and†© equally†© observed†© dramatic†© socio†political†© alterations†© within†© the†© premature†© twentieth†© century, they eventually came to adopt completely different psychological concepts. Sigmund†©Freud†©was†©born†©into†©a†©modest†© Jewish†© family in 1856Read More The Unwritten History of Cave Paintings Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pages(Cave Painting). The art is usually found in hidden caves that are difficult to locate. For this reason, scientists have taken great interest in discovering why man wished to go to such extremes to produce the artistry. The graphics include mainly animals, geometric figures, and signs but rarely depict any relevance to humans. The visual communication gives valuable clues to the culture and beliefs of that era. The degree of preciseness of the images, being at such a high level, suggests that theRead MoreThe World As Will And Representation1578 Words   |  7 Pagesare naturally inquisitive because we cannot be contented with the basic knowledge that we possess ideas, and that such ideas are linked to specific laws, the common description of which is the concept of adequate reason. Humans desire to know the importance of their ideas, and that is why they are driven to question whether the world is no more than a simple idea, not deserving of our attention.. Retrospective thinking would reveal that mankind has always acted based on urges. Such urges make peopleRead MoreIn Chapter 5 of The Morality of War, Brian Orend discusses the particular case of supreme1600 Words   |  7 Pagesversus morality. In order to refine our existence, we must first secure it, the argument goes. In the case of a supreme emergency, arguably the only options that remain for a victim state are either annihilation or the destruction of an innocent other. Given this premise, the arguments made thus far contend that it is only natural, and therefore rational and just, for a people to choose their own survival over the survival of another, especially if the aggression in question was not initiated by theRead MoreComparing the Unconscious and Consciousness Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesCompari ng the Unconscious and Consciousness Consciousness and unconscious are two psychological terms that are commonly used in this field of study. Their importances mainly appear when psychologists deal with their patients because they will surely think about these two terms. To understand these two terms we must know their definitions. This step can enable us to recognize the difference between them. Consciousness is a psychological condition defined by the English philosopherRead MoreAre Humans Naturally Violent?3857 Words   |  16 Pagesand while working a steel pole shot through his head taking out a large portion of his frontal lobe, while Gage survived his behaviour was extremely different. Hypothetically speaking if the specific part of the brain which controlled violence or aggression (the amygdala) then someone could become extremely violent even though it was not previously part of their nature. If the biological explanation is correct then it would prove that violence is indeed a part of our nature and not simply a reactionRead MoreDid humans cause the mass extinction of megafauna during the Late Pleistocene period?1601 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of question for archeological research: Introduction Its hard to say that humans havent had an impact on their environment. Climate change, for example, has been a hot issue in the developed world ever since evidence proving the existence of human-caused global warming was unleashed leading to an onslaught of theories regarding its potential effect on our future. But what impact did humans have thousands of years ago when they were first colonizing North America? The question

Black Collar Crime White Collar - 1828 Words

Introduction: Sometimes known as the ‘victimless’ crime, White Collar Crime includes crimes such as fraud, embezzlement and, more often than not, results in the criminal profiting money-wise which is one of the biggest lures into White Collar Crime (WCC). WCC, has become more and more easier and accessible as businesses move closer towards technology and further away from paper documents which makes it easier to commit WCC as, if you knew what you were doing, you could cover your tracks easier than it would be for if you were forging papers and changing names as you would have to have the right paper, change the names without it being noticeable etc†¦ which means, that in this day and age of technological advances, it is easier to commit†¦show more content†¦The social effects on businesses are there because fraud usually comes with a ‘breach of trust’ which would come about by an employee misusing his or her power within the business (whether minimal or great) as well as the employers trust. Another breach of trust would come about through fraudulent companies such as those who convince people, usually the old and infirm as they are the most vulnerable, to buy their products only to find out that the compan y had just ripped them off for hundreds, or even thousands of pounds which could plummet many into all sorts of debts which could have an effect on the whole family’s future as this could mean that the family have just lost all of their life savings when they entered into a deal to increase their life savings when, in fact, the company would embezzle that money for themselves. In America, $2 trillion is spent on medical care each year. However, only $1,920,000,000,000 is actually spent on the care as $80 billion is stolen annually through Health Care Fraud each year. It is estimated that over 1.5 million people in American have their medical identities stolen through medical fraud each year and the average cost to get your medical identity back is $20,160. Blue Collar: Blue Collar Crime also has its consequences; however, BCC can impact victims more than just financially. Firstly, Blue Collar Crime such as theft and burglary do have their financial impacts just like WCC,

Professional IT Culture for Law & Society †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theProfessional IT Culture for Law Society. Answer: Introduction A culture that refers to a particular trait or pattern that is shown by a group of people professionally and is referred to as a professional culture. The day to day workplace has the way things are usually done and this is distinct to every organization. In information Technology workplace there is usually the way things are done professionally. This becomes the accepted way of work in the information technology workplace. Professional IT culture involves the use of technology to do most of the things. Information technology culture is more on constant innovation. One of the most important aspects of an information technology companys culture is how communication is portrayed in the organization. When information is exchanged at the workplace then there is communication. An organization that has the culture of constant communication always handles issues better for clarification is usually observed. Communication is one of the most important aspects of an organization because it makes efficiency and productivity increase. Communication makes it possible for an organization to undergo change. There different reasons that help about change and its effects. The culture of an organization at some point affects change in the organization. (Reardon, 1996,26) Managers should create the culture for the particular organization and make it know on how it should be undertaken. Communication and productivity of an IT team while are major cultures that are required of an information technology department can be affected by the leadership styles. Change occurs in an organization and most importantly the management determines the success of change. In any organizations information technology employees should always be motivated and the form of motivation should not always be monitory. Culture is one of the most important aspects of an organization because it makes efficiency and productivity increase. The culture of an organization influences on how certain things are perceived in the organizations. The culture of an organization at some point affects change in the organization. Managers should create the culture for the particular organization and make it know on how it should be undertaken. Research Methodology and Discussion In order to come up with a full report, we decided to visit some organizations that are based in information technology. The main way in which we obtained our report was by specifically asking the managers questions. The questions were used as a guide to find out how different information technology cultures are and the way they are applied. The following are sample questions that were asked during the research. How does the organization culture affect the productivity ratio? Most of the managers admitted that actually, the culture of their particular organization contributed greatly to their success. Some even gave us examples of the said cultures like -offering gifts to the most hardworking employee. This made others also work hard and hence improvement in the company as a whole The type of research conducted showed that employees have to be motivated for the organizational general performance. It's not always about the money, there are other ways that make an employee become motivated for example recognition for job well done, it does not incur any costs to managers but for underprivileged employees it can cost everything by keeping employees performance on track and publically appreciating their work motivates them to work harder for more praises. This then shows how different situations should be handled in an organization. What type of leadership style do they use and what is their effect? Most managers said that the leadership style they used was the democratic style where employees are given a chance to speak their minds and also offer solutions. Apart from asking the question we also observed how work is done in different organizations. Through this, we noticed aspects of collaboration among employees. This showed a great sense of teamwork among employees, we also noticed that in other organizations there were certificates to motivate employees. Certificates such as the ones given to the best employees of the year of a particular organization were among the motivations that has a great impact on employee. This was later followed by cash prizes to add more value to the given certificates employees. Sometimes this employees never reduce the rate at which organization job is done. All our research work had evidence that in an IT workplace certain qualities should be followed. It is evident that collaboration in IT workplace to undertake research is a good way to increase productivity. It has numerous advantages and also disadvantages. When work is done in a good way employees should be motivated. Motivation should not always be in form of money. Leaders are the major tools of development and the type of leadership style really affects the organization performance. Moreover, break the norm this gives employees a feeling of reprieve from normal office duties this can be achieved through setting office fun days, fun education trips and participating in company's events for example evening parties this will encourage them and boost their morale for work next day. Also arranging for on-site and off-site seminars that gives information technology experts a learning experience and professional development. This will help improve the culture of an organization that is focused mostly on success. Giving a pay rise to top performing employees can be difficult but they can be appreciated for their effort by giving them compensation in form of rewards, awards and also leadership opportunities this will inspire more excellence from them and also the rest offering competition which is healthy and profitable for the organization as more work is done efficiently. ("Regional annotated mycobiota new to www. mycotoxin. com," 2011, 22) Conclusion The culture of an organization influences on how certain things are perceived in the organizations. This influences can either be positive or negative. A good culture is followed by numerous positive effects while a bad culture is followed by a lot of negative effects. The professional culture of an IT workplace is viewed as one of the most important aspects of any organization and therefore it is used to drive development. This was supported by facts from organizations that we visited. Numerous leadership styles affect the functioning of the organization and this, in turn, affect the professional culture of an IT workplace. Communication and productivity of an IT team can be affected by the leadership styles. A productive employee is one that is confident in the organization and is always motivated by the particular company. Leadership style affects the morale of an employee. A manager builds the morale of an employee by constantly involving the employee of the company's undertakings. A manager that is not democratic and does not involve the input or say of the employee in matters that affect the company usually makes the morale of the employee to go down. They sometimes diminish the employee feeling of involvement. There are various ways in which employees and especially IT employees collaborate. Collaboration has various advantages which help in accomplishing the organization goals as a whole. In any organizations, information technology employees should always be motivated and the form of motivation should not always be in terms of cash. Though employees work to earn a living and sometimes it is better to be given cash rewards, our research shows how this is necessarily not the only way. Our research shows that other ways such as providing a cheap and reliable medical facility to the employee are also as important. References Best,R.K., Edelman,L.B., Krieger,L.H., Eliason,S.R. (2011). Multiple Disadvantages: An Empirical Test of Intersectionality Theory in EEO Litigation.Law Society Review,45(4), 991-1025. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00463.x Best,R.K., Edelman,L.B., Krieger,L.H., Eliason,S.R. (2011). Multiple Disadvantages: An Empirical Test of Intersectionality Theory in EEO Litigation.Law Society Review,45(4), 991-1025. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00463.x Culture and Personal Characteristics for Professional Success. (n.d.).Successful Professional Women of the Americas. doi:10.4337/9781847201799.00009 Daft,R.L. (2016).Organization theory design. 3.7. Effects of in-work benefits on unemployment traps, 2002. (n.d.). doi:10.1787/084411702375 Fun factor in novel suggestions. (2011).Strategic Direction,27(1), 25-27. doi:10.1108/02580541111096584 Genovese,M.A., Belt,T.L., Lammers,W.W. (2016).Presidency and domestic policy: Comparing leadership styles, FDR to Obama. Lawson,S.A. (2016). Biological control of eucalypt pests: Benefits of diverse collaboration.2016 International Congress of Entomology. doi:10.1603/ice.2016.94389 Loehr,A., Kaye,J. (2011).Managing the unmanageable: How to motivate even the most unruly employee. Pompton Plains, NJ: Career Press. Member Benefits: 96 Benefits and Services that Attract, Retain Members. (2013).Member Benefits, 4-51. doi:10.1002/9781118704097.ch1 Mishkin,F.S. (2016).The economics of money, banking, and financial markets. Boston: Pearson. Regional annotated mycobiotas new to www. mycotaxon. com. (2011).Mycotaxon,117(1), 508-508. doi:10.5248/117.508 Soydan,H., Palinkas,L.A. (2014).Evidence-based practice in social work: Development of a new professional culture. Steinberg,B. (2014).Women in Power: The Personalities and Leadership Styles of Indira Gandhi, Golda Meir, and Margaret Thatcher. Montre?al: McGill-Queen's University Press.

Malters Development In The Chosen Essays - The Chosen, The Promise

Malter's Development in The Chosen Reuven Malter's Development in The Chosen by Chaim Potok Malter's Development in The Chosen One of the most emotional scenes from Chaim Potok's The Chosen is when Reuven goes with Danny Saunders to talk to his father. Danny has a great mind and wants to use it to study psychology, not become a Hasidic tzaddik. The two go into Reb Saunders' study to explain to him what is going to happen, and before Danny can bring it up, his father does. Reb Saunders explains to the two friends that he already known that Reuven is going to go for his smicha and Danny, who is in line to become the next tzaddik of his people, will not. This relates to the motif of ?Individuality? and the theme of ?Danny's choice of going with the family dynasty or to what his heart leads him.? The most developing character from the novel is Reuven Malter. One of the ways that he developes in the novel is in hus understanding of friendship. His friendship with D\fanny Saunders is encouraged by his father, but he is wary of it at first because Danny is a Hasid, and regards regular Orthodox Jews as apikorsim because of the teachings of his father. Reuven goes from not being able to have a civil conversation with Danny to becoming his best friend with whom he spens all of his free time, studies Talmud and goes to college. Reuven truly grows because he leans, as his father says, what it is to be a friend. Another way that Reuven grows is that he learns to appreciate different people and their ideas. He starts out hating Hasidim because it's the ?pious? thing to do, even though his father (who I see as the Atticus Finch of this novel) keeps telling him that it's okay to disagree with ideas, but hating a person because of them is intolerable. Through his friendship with Danny, studies with Reb Saunders, brief crush on Danny's sister (who was never given a name), and time spent in the Hasidic community, he learns that Hasids are people too with their own ideas and beliefs that are as valuable as his. He learns why they think, act, speak, and dress the way that they do and comes to grips with the fact that he doesn't have a monopoly on virtue. A third way in which Reuven grows, though the book doesn't really talk about it a great deal, is in his appreciation of life, or cha'im in Hebrew. He almost loses his vision, his father nearly works himself to death, six million Jews are butchered in Europe, and Danny's brother's poor health threatens Danny's choice to not become a tzaddik. When his eye is out of order he can't read, and indeed does remark that it's very difficult to live without reading, especially with a voracious appetite for learning such as his. His father almost dies twice and he talks about how difficult it is to live all alone in silence (which is a metaphor alluding to Danny's everyday life) for the month while his father is in the hospital. He sees Reb Saunders and his father feeling the suffering of the six million dead, Saunders by crying and being silent, David Malter by working for the creation of a Jewish state and being a leader in the movement, in addition to teaching at a yeshiva and adult education classes. And of course Danny is very worried by his brother's illness (hemophillia?) because if he dies it will be even harded for Danny to turn down his tzaddikship. By the end of the book, Reuven Malter is a very changed character. Potok is an expert with using allusion and metaphor. Very subtly throughout the book he uses this for the purposes of renforcing his points, foreshadowing, and to make the book a better read when you've read it previously and know the outcome. One example of this, one that I missed the first time I read the book in 7th grade is the paragraph at the end of chapter nine where Reuven is sitting on his porch and sees a fly trapped in a spider's web with the arachnid builder approaching. He blows on the fly, first softly, and then more harshly, and the fly is free and safe from the danger of the spider. This is a metaphor to Danny being trapped in the ?filmy, almost invisible strands of the web? (165) that is a metaphor for the Hasidic clan that

Free Essays on How To Improve Your English

that we don't know. It makes reading a very enjoyable pastime. Secondly, besides learning to read English, we must learn to understand spoken English, and practice speaking. Try listen to radio stations, if at first you don't understand, keep listening and maintain a regular habit of listening to radio stations. Repeat after the broadcast and learn how to pronounce correctly and frequently. Thirdly, we should try to talk with Americans, find native English-speaking people who will give you conversation practice. Don't be afraid to speak ,afraid to be laughed at. If we never learn to take risks to open mouths, it will be impossible to improve speaking skills. There is no reason to be ashamed of speaking poor English. If we can learn from our mistakes, failure can become part of our success. In fact, the secret of success may come from failure. In conclusion, There is no short cut to learning English. Persistence is the major secrets of success. If you want use English as your native language, don't ever give up trying to achieve your goal. If we are prepared to work hard at it, we will be successful in the en... Free Essays on How To Improve Your English Free Essays on How To Improve Your English How To Improve Your English English is now the international language .So it is very important to learn English well. We should study English in the correct way, so that we can make the most of the time we spend learning English. Discovering ways to improve their English is a problem which baffles many students. There are three ways to improve English First of all, We have to learn many English words and study English grammar in great detail. Reading is the best way to increase vocabularies and learn how to avoid making grammar errors. If we read magazines written in English, regular reading will make it easier for us to remember the many new words we come across. Having a dictionary is just like having a teacher close at hand. We need to use a dictionary to look up those words that we don't know. It makes reading a very enjoyable pastime. Secondly, besides learning to read English, we must learn to understand spoken English, and practice speaking. Try listen to radio stations, if at first you don't understand, keep listening and maintain a regular habit of listening to radio stations. Repeat after the broadcast and learn how to pronounce correctly and frequently. Thirdly, we should try to talk with Americans, find native English-speaking people who will give you conversation practice. Don't be afraid to speak ,afraid to be laughed at. If we never learn to take risks to open mouths, it will be impossible to improve speaking skills. There is no reason to be ashamed of speaking poor English. If we can learn from our mistakes, failure can become part of our success. In fact, the secret of success may come from failure. In conclusion, There is no short cut to learning English. Persistence is the major secrets of success. If you want use English as your native language, don't ever give up trying to achieve your goal. If we are prepared to work hard at it, we will be successful in the en...

Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive

Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive By Maeve Maddox A gerund is an -ing verb form that is used as a noun. Like any other noun, a gerund can function as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition: 1. Gardening is my favorite hobby. (noun, subject of is) 2. He likes shooting skeet. (noun, object of likes) 3. He loves to talk about hunting. (noun, object of the preposition about) 4. Do you mind my asking a question? (noun, object of mind) This post is about the use of my in the fourth example. Why precede the gerund asking with the possessive adjective my? Why not write, â€Å"Do you mind me asking a question?† In this sentence, the word asking is a gerund. A gerund is a noun. Nouns are modified by adjectives, not by other nouns or pronouns. Consider: Because some people don’t like animals, I ask a guest, â€Å"Do you mind my dog?† I wouldn’t say, â€Å"Do you mind me dog.† Ergo, I wouldn’t say, â€Å"Do you mind me asking?† That’s the reasoning and the rule. Then there’s popular usage: If you don’t mind him calling you at work, give him your business card. If you don’t mind them losing your possessions, then this is the hotel for you. You should take out the garbage without me asking. H. W. Fowler calls the construction of preceding a gerund with a noun or accusative pronoun a â€Å"fused participle† and devotes several tetchy pages to it in Modern English Usage. He illustrates the problem with three sentences: 1. Women having the vote share political power with men. (This example is grammatically correct: having is a participle modifying the subject women.) 2. Women’s having the vote reduces men’s political power. (This example is grammatically correct: having is a gerund modified by the possessive women’s.) 3. Women having the vote reduces men’s political power. (This example is ungrammatical.) Fowler points out that because the verb reduces is singular, women cannot be its subject. Yet, having can’t be the subject because that would leave women â€Å"in the air† without a grammatical function. He says the construction is a compound notion that fuses the noun women with the participle having. He calls this construction a â€Å"fused participle,† denouncing it altogether as â€Å"grammatically indefensible.† Modern grammarians still prefer preceding the gerund with a possessive in formal usage, but do not uniformly condemn the fused participle as Fowler did. A writer at a site about legal prose observes that sometimes a fused participle is the only idiomatic choice: There are exceptions–sentences in which idiom simply demands that a participle be fused, or else the sentence rewritten altogether.–Lawprose.org/. Some of the exceptions cited as being accepted by â€Å"respected usage commentators† are: The likelihood of that happening is nil. He frequently felt a chance of this happening. He disapproved of politicians still in their prime writing memoirs. Blindly following the rule with these sentences would produce the following unidiomatic constructions: The likelihood of that’s happening is nil. He frequently felt a chance of this’s happening. He disapproved of politicians still in their prime’s writing memoirs. Careful writers will continue to think carefully about which word precedes a gerund in formal writing. Even in informal speech and writing, a construction like, â€Å"I hate my husband being passed over at work† is to be avoided. As the speaker does not, presumably, hate her husband, the better choice is, â€Å"I hate my husband’s being passed over at work.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?"Confused With" and "Confused About"Using "zeitgeist" Coherently

Next Generation 9-1-1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Next Generation 9-1-1 - Research Paper Example Information on the occurrences of these types of emergencies or crimes were getting reported but due to the lack of a sophisticated communications system, there always seemed to be a lapse of time between the occurrence of the incident and information to the authorities and their ultimate arrival on the scene. The result was that there was a lot of loss to life and property damaged which sometimes ran into billions of dollars. Efforts made to curb this loss only resulted in greater losses and crime and violence continued unabated. With a view to bring this situation under control and effect a sense of coordination in to the system people became aware that there was an urgent need in finding suitable solutions to end this problem and therefore, in 1957, at a conference called the National Association of Fire Chiefs, it was mooted that a SINGLE telephone number be made available to the general public, that could be used for reporting fire accidents which would significantly bring down the loss of time between communication. This idea was wholeheartedly accepted and duly recommended by all. Ten years later (1967) the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was so taken up with this idea that it was suggested that a â€Å"single number† should be established countrywide, for any emergency and not limiting it to reporting of fires alone. It was the general opinion and rightly so, that the use of different telephone numbers for a variety of incidents, would only increase time lapse. This suggestion received huge support with the result that the task of identifying and implementing such a number that would be convenient and acceptable to all was entrusted to the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) The FCC set out on the task without any further delay, once they had been entrusted with the assignment of locating such a number. The FCC met and had extensive discussions with the American

Banned tv ads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Banned tv ads - Essay Example In this paper we discuss the issues that have led to the banning of two condom adverts in the United States and also describe their intended meanings. The first advert informs and persuades consumers to use Dulex condoms, this advert is aimed at encouraging people to use Dulex condoms, the advert shows a male meeting a woman across the street but he is accompanied by some creatures at the back and this are intended to be signify sperms, however this creatures are trapped in the condom. In the second advert we have a man and male child where the child wants a product but the adult refuses to purchase the product, this shows that parents or adults should not restrict children to purchase products in the market including condoms, the other meaning is that adults should use condoms to avoid unwanted pregnancies that may lead to financial instability where one cannot afford products for their children. The adverts are created in such a way that they are appealing to the general public, they are supposed to pass the message to a lot of people and the more appealing an advert is then the more effective it becomes in the market, for this reason therefore adverts will use humor and other appealing features to encourage viewing and therefore achieve its intended purpose. The first reason why the adverts were banned is due to the fact that US advert regulation is very strict on adverts that are related to food and health, condoms are no exception in that they help in reducing sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies, however these adverts may encourage individuals to engage in sexual activities, the adverts may encourage young children to have sex and this will have a negative impact in the society, this is because the advert is aimed at informing the consumers about an existing product and this advert is aimed at explaining its market size through encouraging people to have sex using

Youth is not a Time of Life Essay Example for Free

Youth is not a Time of Life Essay Youth is not a Time of Life it is a State of Mind. It is the temperamental Predominance of courage over timidity. The youth of today are not alien to anyone of us. According to some, the way our youth are faring directly classifies them as a serious problem of society. But I would like to ask these people,that how can modern youth be a problem of society when the same youth is very much a part of society? Something which coexists and relates to our social order is to be called part of the society and so cannot be classified as a problem. The problems, which these unthinking few or many speak of, do not lie in these young people. The problems lie in the ways in which they have been guided or rather misguided. Many would agree that the Western Cultural Invasion has just left our youth clad in torn jeans and T-shirts with their heads up in the way in which they have been brought up. Children should be made to learn to distinguish between right and wrong and this responsibility lies on the shoulders of their elders. Today, an over whelming majority of the population of Pakistan is under privileged. The youth of this population does not have the means to develop and expand their horizons. Hammed in by conservative backgrounds, smothered by immoral values and then left entirely on their own, these youth are being transpired by the society they live in. So it is wrong to make the youth the scapegoat for our own crime neglect. Our youth is an integral part of our society there is no denying that. Without them, there would be no hope left at all for the future. With proper guidance the youth of today can shape up to become the leaders of tomorrow. And to become that, our youth today needs role models more than they need critics. Youth walked slowly ahead of me Leading the way to the Dawn And I followed For the child is father to the man. (Khalil Jibran)

The Meaning of Beowulf Displayed Through Archetypes :: Epic of Beowulf Essay

The Meaning of Beowulf Displayed Through Archetypes There are many things in life that we do not have control over. In the majority of everyday life situations, people tend to react a certain way through human instinct. This instinct will portray one to be a wonderfully pleasant or extremely pusillanimous human being. Whether the person is viewed having a good or evil spirit strictly depends on the circumstances. Good vs. evil will always be a controversial subject that will be displayed through story telling, or just ordinary every day life. Archetypes and ways of living have been imbedded in our brains for a extremely long time. Life is a continuous cycle that will remain continuous due to subconscious actions of man kind. The story of Beowulf represents the on going cycle of good vs. evil. This theme is shown through heroic deeds, kinship, and dragon archetypes. Protecting innocent civilians, helping others in need and defeating evil are all clear examples of heroic deeds. Beowulf shows his heroic nature through his actions. Hearing that men were killed by Grendel, he jumps at the chance to save the others so that it won’t happen again. He does not fight with weapons which shows his fearlessness and strength. Beowulf conquers evil by not hesitating to put his life on the line for others in need. These actions are what portray him to be a hero and not just a plain, ordinary man. The two monsters in Beowulf are seemingly out to kill men. They both like in murky, chaotic and unpleasant places representing their dark and gloomy appearances. Grendel represents evil in the story because he hurts and kills men. The innocent victims pled with Grendel to stop killing and eating them. Grendel doesnâ€⠄¢t listen to what they say and he keeps on killing because it is what he enjoys doing it. In the story of Beowulf Grendel is one of the major examples of evil. The other clear example of evil is the Dragon. The Dragon and Grendel both represent death, chaos and darkness (Encyclopedia of Archetypal Symbolism â€Å"Ananda†). Although he is mortally injured, after fighting both of the vicious monsters Beowulf comes out victorious, showing his destruction of evil. In the journey of a hero there are three distinct stages. These stages consist of departure, heroic deed and return. Before the departure one has to have a desire to help others, which displays a strong form of kinship.

Benefits of Sports

Should students be involved in sports during their busy academic life? I  believe  so,  there are three  major benefits that i believe are the most important reason to start a sport: They are   Health, helps build good values, and are just all in all fun. I encourage students to take up sports. Even  though I’m a student myself and i know how busy we get from homework and test, but sports can help relieve stress and make school more fun.A report from the United Nations Inter-Agency Task force on sports for Development and Peace stated that young people can benefit from physical activity as it contributes to developing healthy bones,  efficient  heart and lung function as well as improved motor skills and cognitive function. Physical activity can help to prevent hip fractures among women and reduce the effects of  osteoporosis. Remaining physically active can enhance  functional  capacity among older people, and can help to maintain quality of life and   Independence. Sport teaches many good values that one can use in sports and their daily  life.Honesty,  disciplined  respect, and many others are just some of the values that sports teach us. A student can use these  values  in their daily  routine. Sports can help a student learn about arriving on time, setting  priorities, and to  encourage  team work. The key to creating and sustaining values based on sporting is Living Values: living values in  everything  you do, every time,  every day. Sports can be really fun and exciting. I  practice  Taekwondo and its exiting being put up  against  a bigger, faster, and stronger  opponent. It’s a very rewarding experience to see how much hard work pays of in combat and it can be applied in school.You may not see the results running and  practicing  everyday but once you get in to battle it shows, and it’s the same for school you may not see the results of  content  studying until you t ake an exam. It’s very exciting and I recommend all students to try sports it is very fun. In conclusion I believe students should start a sport since it offers many benefits Like: health benefits, good values, and it’s fun. I encourage my fellow students to join a sport It really makes the learning experience more enjoyable, and I believe it prepares us for success.

Differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate

House of Representatives is actually a name given to any of the many lawmaking bodies in countries around the world and sub national states. In many countries, House of Representatives is also known as the inferior house of a bicameral government and the parallel upper house is usually known as Senate. Apart from this in other countries, House of Representatives is the one and only meeting room of a unicameral parliament. The performance of the House of Representatives usually varies very much for every country, and it also relies on whether a nation works with a presidential or a parliamentary scheme.People or members of a house of representatives are classically apportioned with respect to the population rather than appointing them geography. House of Representatives is the name given to most of the lower houses of United States state legislatures apart from some, that are known as State Assembly and also by some it is called the House of Delegates. According to apartheid the House of Representatives was the dwelling for South Africa's varied race colored society during the Tricameral Parliament that ranged from 1984 to 1994.Apart from this In the Austrian part Cisleithania of Austria Hungary most people know the lower house as the Abgeordnetenhaus which is also generally acknowledged in English as House of Representatives (Boyle and Chinkin, 2007). Most of the developed self governing states with bicameral parliamentary nature are sometimes prepared with a senate for the country frequently illustrious from a usual parallel lower house basically known variously as the House of Representatives.It is also known by some other names that we would present here House of Commons, Chamber of Deputies, National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, or House of Assembly, by electoral rules. This may comprise of a minimum age necessary for the people and candidate, relative or greater part or plurality structure. Characteristically the senate is also referred to as being the upper house and has a less important association as compared to the lower house.In many other states senates are also present at the sub national stage. United States of America has all states apart from Nebraska having a state senate. Australia has all its states except for Queensland that have an upper house which is identified as a lawmaking committee. There are a number of Canadian provinces that once had a number of governmental councils but now they are not present as they were abolished the last one to survive was Quebec's Legislative Council, during 1968.Senate association can be acknowledged through elections or activities. Taking a simple example, elections are conducted after every three years for the membership of the Australian Senate but only half of the people as compared to the people of the Canadian Senate are hired by Governor General honestly upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. Taking care of the office and performing their operations until they walk out, or are detached from the Senate the last option is of a retirement.In bigger nations the senate frequently acts as a balancing effect thought providing a bigger share of power to places or groups of people, which would be besieged beneath severely accepted apportionment. To conclude this essay I would like to mention the fact that House of Representatives and Senate are two different entities and carry many different aspects with them. Though they are from the same line of bodies that is law making legislatures but they have a different level in terms of power and importance.

The Magic Barrel essays

The Magic Barrel essays He found his characters in real Jewish community. That is why the tone and style of "The Magic Barrel" are so unmistakable and truthful. Through two main characters author involves us in a specific business going on between Leo Finkle, a lonely rabbinical student, and Pinye Salzman, a matchmaker. In order to get a good congregation Leo supposed to be married. How a man, who was studying for six years and who never was in a company of woman, easily can find a wife? The same way as his parents did. He went to the matchmaker. It was not so easy for Leo to appeal to Salzman, because he hoped to find the wife by himself. He wanted to be in love before he gets married. But he resorted to help. It was a firs time when he turned his mind over. Pine Salzman, the marriage broker, represented the old generation, and respected the old Jewish tradition. Marriage is a very important part of a Jew's life, and the family is more important than the girl herself is. He does not think about love. It is possible to imagine how Leo was disappointed when Salzmen introduced the girls to him. "Sophie P. Widow. Father promises eight thousand dollars. Has wonderful wholesale business. Also realestate." "Lily H. Regular. Father is successful dentist thirty-five years. Interested in professional man. Wonderful opportunity." Moreover, "She is a partikiler. She wants the best." Leo's interest to Lily was aroused, and he began seriously to consider calling on her. Finally they met. She provoked him to say the strange, but a very capacious and valuable phrase: "I think, that I came to God not because I loved Him, but because I did not." But Lily didn't dream about him, she dreamed about an invented hero. After this date he turned his mind over again. He felt that he could not love a girl. Although Leo returned to his regular routine, he was in panic and depression from one thought: nobody loves him and he does not love anybody either. There was no br ...

Top 5 Job Searching Trends of 2016

Top 5 Job Searching Trends of 2016 The job market is always tough. But every year you’ll find there are distinct trends that dominate the search process. Here are the top  5 current job searching trends to bear in mind, whether you’re just starting out or looking to make a career change. 1. Hot FieldsIf it has something to do with technical advancement- analytics, mobile networks, healthcare, automation- then chances are it’s an â€Å"it† field. Even if the tech sector at large is maybe slowing it’s growth a tad, these fields are booming. If you’re looking for an industry that will aggressively recruit, those might be your best bet.2. The Relative Unimportance of SchoolCollege is always a good idea- a degree is, in fact, essential in many fields. But it’s not the only important factor in an application. So don’t beat yourself up if you didn’t go to Harvard, or even the fancier of three state schools near you. What matters most is the skill set youâ€℠¢ve acquired- and your commitment to keep learning more. Stay sharp and go after the skills most valuable to employers in your field- even if just through a few online community college classes.3. Talent CommunitiesTalent communities are an interactive discussion forum linking companies, their employees and potential employees, and HR reps. Often this is where you’ll get the specifics you need to target an application or get your biggest questions answered. Try Dice for IT, or Mediabistro for communications. And use your smartphone or tablet for the best functionality.4. AppsWhile we’re on the subject of mobile devices, why not take your job search out into the daylight with you? There are more and more job seeker apps out there, like Switch or Jobr. They won’t do all the work for you, but they’ll help you feel more connected and proactive.5. Working RemotelyOpen yourself up to the possibility of accepting a job in a virtual workforce. Not only does this widen your search geographically speaking, it means you can sometimes work in your pajamas, provided you can show results. More and more companies are considering remote employees; why not get in while the going’s good?The bottom line is: the job market is in constant flux. Keep abreast of the latest trends and try and put your toe in each of them. Adapt to the changing climate. Staying current will also mean you stay competitive.5 Trends for Job Seekers in 2016

Business Plan. Hotel le Bonheur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Plan. Hotel le Bonheur - Essay Example Despite emerging strong on both economic times, liberality has posed several challenges on its policies. One incidence was in the 60s when the cause of disagreement was based on unmarried couples sharing a room, which was not allowed before the challenge. Another challenge that has been faced by Hotel le Bonheur is on payment issues. The Hotel has had customers failing to pay for accommodation while others literally sneaking out of the hotel in the night. Such challenges affected operation hence making the Hotel to collapse in the 80’s. (Cesim n.d). However, that was not the end of Hotel le Bonheur. In the 90’s, the hotel was given out to Ronald Bump, a successful real estate developer. Ronald’s investment in restoring the hotel was successful though he did not run it for long before the wife took over after divorce. Mrs. Bump, the new owner of the business, does not appreciate unprofessional practices hence the reason why there is need for a business plan. Having a plan will allow the management team to be aware of the hotel objectives hence facilitating a smooth running of the business as they encounter the challenge of expanding the business. The Hotel targets to grow its capacity by 120 percent through establishing new operations abroad to be able to accommodate more clients. The hotel will not only go back to the days when it was called Happiness Hotel but will be able to offer the happiness required by clients to be able to come back for more services. (Cesim n.d). Contents Objectives 4 Mission 4 Keys to Success 4 Hotel summary 4 Products and Services 5 Market Analysis Summary 5 Target Market segment strategy 5 Service business analysis 6 Competition and buying patterns 6 Strategy and Implementation Summary 7 Competitive edge 7 Marketing Strategy 8 Sales Strategy 8 Sales forecast 8 Milestones 9 Management Summary 9 Personnel Plan 9 Financial Plan 10 Projected profit and loss 10 References 11 Objectives Hotel le Bonheur has the following objectives in the first three years of operations: 1. Renovate and upgrade the rooms through installing latest interior designs. 2. Increase the capacity of the facility by 120% by the third year. 3. Get a facility manager as a permanent employee to run the logistics of the revived business. 4. Increase the sales returns by provide quality services that will earn referral business on top of the acquired businesses. 5. Venture into international market through channel sales. Mission Hotel le Bonheur will work to ensure clients satisfaction in the most conducive and friendly most environment. Keys to Success 1. Managing and surpassing customer expectation 2. Considering customer’s preferences despite opinions from experts 3. Running everything professionally for customer satisfaction 4. Protecting the client’s welfare at all times Hotel le Bonheur upholds all the keys and will always uphold them in every service they offer both locally and abroad. Hotel summary Hotel le Bonheur is still a local Hotel serving both leisure and business travelers (Casapart 2013). Established in the 20’s, the hotel has had both its good moments and worst moments. The worst moments of all was majorly due to poor operation procedures that made clients fail to pay for services hence making the Hotel to collapse in the 80s. Mrs. Bump, a former wife to Mr. Ronald Bump, bought it out in the 90 owns the Hotel. The Hotel specializes in accommodation and catering. It has a base of permanently employ ees and the rest are temporary. Hotel le Bonheur shares are traded at a small over the counter market price. The business is planning to venture into the international market as well as increase its market shares through the new management team. Products and Serv

How has President Barack Obama influenced separation of powers Research Proposal

How has President Barack Obama influenced separation of powers - Research Proposal Example From the past presidents’ experience, it is easy to predict how the administration of Barack Obama will influence the separation of powers theory, in addition to some unique circumstances of his presidency, the most important of which will be explored by this paper. Peter McNamara wrote that Woodrow Wilson believed the president must become a popular and national leader for the purpose of imposing order and system on the government’s policy agenda. (Galderisi, Herzberg and McNamara 1996, p. 194) The idea is that only the president could provide these qualities because the Congress is simply incapable of order and system. The problem is the president cannot deliver this when he is unpopular because the separation of power has made for a stalemate between the executive and the legislative branches. Barack Obama does not have this problem as he enjoy an unprecedented popularity among the American public. For instance, he has at least 70 percent approval rating in the recent Gallup poll just before his inauguration. (Ibanez 2009) The tide of positive public opinion behind a president can silence opposition from the Congress especially today when the media serves as a public forum wherein people has immediate access to information and could e xpress their sentiments and opinions. An aspect of Obama’s popularity comes from his ability to reach to people from all walks of life – he is easier to be seen as nonpartisan. The new president has a knack to mobilize public support as demonstrated by his meteoric rise from the unknown to having won the American presidency. Obama’s popularity is boosted by the fact that the Democrats – his party – has the majority in Congress. This means that he has the support of his party for his policies and he would encounter less resistance from opposition. A democrat in the White House and a Democrat Congress would mean less friction because both follow the same ideology. Presidents have long used

Care Issues with Informatics application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Care Issues with Informatics application - Essay Example In this case, the 80 year old male patient’s condition has worsened and the key issues those are making the instance a challenging one are: 1. Infrastructural limitations 2. Non availability of specialised medical human resource at the local centre 3. Costs. Although the centerpiece of this case is a medical exigency but the case also highlights the crucial role that the technology is now playing in health care. Ever since the invention of monaural stethoscope in early nineteenth century, technology’s role in assisting clinicians in their noble pursuits has progressively been increasing (Sood, 2006). Telemedicine/telehealth is one such disruptive technology that has the potential to address all the above listed three issues and in many countries it has already started influencing the way ßhealth care services are delivered. Researchers have defined telemedicine as the use of telecommunications technologies to provide medical information and services (Mair & Whitten, 2000). Telemonitoring, mHealth and telesurgery are some of the promising and upcoming applications of telemedicine that aim to address the issues pertaining to the shortage of infrastructural and specialized medical human resources. The present case can also be effectively and efficiently handled with the help of applications like telemonitoring and mHealth. Figure 1. gives an idea about the utility of mHealth, it indicates that mHealth can enable the specialist to monitor the patient’s condition while he/she is at his/ her home or is being transported to the hospital. Telemonitoring systems have already proved to be feasible and acceptable by clinicians. The issues encountered in the context of present case can be easily resolved with the help of commercial telemonitoring systems. Two such commercially available systems are i) TeleMedic Systems’ Vitalink3 (VitalLink, 2009) ii) Nonin’s Onyx II model 9560 (Advancing Telemedicine, 2009). VitalLink enables

Defining and analysis of illegal immigration

Defining and analysis of illegal immigration Illegal immigration is defined as the trespassing across the national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the concerned country. The most commonly seen pattern of illegal migration is from countries with low socio-economic level to comparatively developed ones. Although there are a myriad of causes behind it, the primary motivation that plays a major role in illegal immigration is the hope for greater economic opportunities and improved quality of life. Crossing the prohibited borders is not the only way in which the process of illegal immigration is carried out. There are times when a person enters a country legally, but violates the terms and conditions of his visa and passport. If he overstays in the destination country, crossing the legally allowed time frame, it equally accounts for illegal immigration. There are various models which purposefully justify the concept of illegal immigration. At the end of the day, when we look at things, it is all about a person trying to better his life. It is here that compassion and justice intermingle to form a complex concoction, giving rise to a moral question as to who is at fault. Is it the man who left the door open or the man who entered the house without permission? Definition of illegal immigrant Illegal Immigrant is the person not being a citizen of the country entered into a country without a valid sanction or continue to stay in a country after the expiry of his valid stay in that country. Illegal immigration is the movement of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. Illegal immigrants are also known as illegal aliens to differentiate them from legal aliens Article Summarization The authorities must be harsh with employers who hire illegal immigrants With no job opportunities, foreigners would not be lured to overstay and work illegally. Recently revealed that about 40,000 Indian citizens went missing in Malaysia after their tourist visas expired and that the visa-on-arrival facility had been abused. India has been advising its people not to work in Malaysia illegally. to ensure those seeking employment here through legal means are not cheated Causes of illegal immigrant Poverty While economic models do look at relative wealth and income between home and destination countries, they do not necessarily imply that illegal migrants are always impoverished by standards of the home country. The poorest classes in a developing country may lack the resources needed to mount an attempt to cross illegally, or the connections to friends or family already in the destination country. Overpopulation Population growth which exceeds the carrying capacity of an area or environment results in overpopulation. Spikes in human population can cause problems such as pollution, water crisis, and poverty. World population has grown from 1.6 billion in 1900 to an estimated 6.7 billion today. In Mexico alone, population has grown from 13.6 million in 1900 to 107 million in 2007. Family reunification Some illegal immigrants seek to live with loved ones, such as a spouse or other family members. Family reunification visas may be applied for by legal residents or naturalized citizens to bring their family members into a destination state legally, but these visas may be limited in number and subject to yearly quotas. This may force their family members to enter illegally to reunify. Wars and asylum It is important to note that the status of illegal immigrant may coincide with or be replaced by the status of asylum seeker for emigrants who have escaped a war or repression and have illegal crossed into another state. If they are recognized as legitimate asylums by the destination state, they will then gain legal status. However, there may be numerous potential asylums in a destination state who are unwilling to apply or have been denied asylum status, and hence are categorized as illegal immigrants and may be subject to punishment or deportation. Effects of illegal immigrants to Malaysia Poverty Illegal immigrants that enter the country are searching for job that offered higher wages that they cannot even get at their own country. The jobs vacancies in Malaysia are limited. So, by the entering of illegal immigrants, local citizens will be unemployment. That is because employers are preferred to employ foreign employees due to lower cost that needed. The increasing rate of unemployment will lead to the increasing rate of poverty. Unemployment may cause the citizens do not have source of income and resulting to the poverty cases. Increase in the crime and social ills When there are too many illegal immigrants in the country, the crime cases and also social ills will be increased. The criminal and background of illegal immigrants that enter the country are being unknown. So, whoever can enter our country illegally including criminal and they will make problems in this country. For example, there are many cases on robbery that lead by illegal immigrants. They also always make problems among them such as fighting that sometimes cause death. Increase in government expenditure In order to overcome the issues of illegal immigrants, government had done many strict acts. Government had done all those acts to forcibly repatriate the illegal immigrants to their country. Government need to spent higher expenses because they want to sent as many as illegal immigrants as possible. The high expenses included the cost in repatriate them and also in handling them. The expenses should be spent to the country, but it being wastefully used for handling illegal immigrants issues. Health problems Foreigners employees that want to enter and work at this country must undergo certain medical checkup in order to ensure they are in good health condition. It is also to ensure they are free from infectious diseases such as H1N1, tuberculosis and others. On the other hand, the illegal immigrants are not undergoing such medical checkup. So, if they had had the diseases, the possibility they will spread the diseases is high. Then, many of the local citizens will be infected. Health problems can affects the country badly. Slavery Some of the illegal immigrants are entered the country through agents. They are offered jobs and will get high payment. However, many of them are being cheated by the agents and be slave to them. For example, many women being smuggle to this country and forced to work. At the first time, they are promises job with high payments. But when they arrived the country, they forced to be sex slave or prostitutions. Effects to the illegal immigrants country Increase expenses The country that their citizens involved in illegal immigrants need to make some action in solving the problems. They had to take back the citizens back to country and other related acts. The government expenses will be increased. In addition, if there are several problems that involving their citizens such as health, smuggling and others, they also need to spent some expenses. Bad image Illegal immigrants that come to others country will cause many problems and their country will get bad image due to the issues. In addition, if the illegal immigrants had caused such problems such as criminal actions and social ills, the other country will have such bad overview on that country involved. Loss employees Due to many citizens that immigrates outside, the country will lost many labor included skilled workers. They immigrates illegally in order to get higher payment that offered bay other countries. However, it also included skilled workers that have high potential for their own country. Then, the country will need to get workers from other countries in order to replaced the citizens that have been immigrates. Relationships among countries will be affected Such countries will have diplomatic relationship such as Malaysia and Indonesia. Due to the illegal immigrants issues, it can affect the relationship. If the illegal immigrants had cause problem at other countries, the country involved will have bad view to the citizens and also the country. The relationship will be affected due to all the problems. Effected illegal immigrant to International Trade Exported on good Illegal immigrant without doubt, affects some parts of international trade. Our country does not have any records on the amount of them who stayed or came to Malaysia illegally. Therefore, we cannot disclose the amount of workforce or labor force in our country. Most of them work as labor in construction site or factory. Due to this illegally immigrants problem, those factories which employ these immigrant, could not export their goods as in does not come from our own countrys labor force and we cannot disclose it as domestic goods. Simultaneously, it will affect the international trade process. Skills and technique In terms of skills and technique, there are a lot of factories which depends on machines and computerized system. We need to send a lot of workers to overseas to develop and upgrading their skills. Due to this illegal immigrant problem, we cannot send any workers as most of factories workers are among them. Therefore, it is difficult for our country to create bond with those developed countries which provide those training for the workers as it is one of the objective of international trade. Wages and salary Malaysia is a potential country for development. Many investors likely to invest in our country as they see the profits potential. In this situation, a lot of development companies will grab their chance by convincing those investors through development projects. Most of them are keep to hire these illegal immigrant as labor as they know they can pay the labors cheaply. Somehow, it will create problem and give negative images for our country. Recommendation Responsibility of Ministry of Human Resource They should analyze and calculate the amount of unemployed citizen in our country. Through this process, the can arrange or give those labor job to them. They might be calculative in terms of salary compared to illegal immigrants. Therefore, they should be rated on their skills for their salary where higher paid and post for skillful worker and other way around. As the ministry got records for these domestic labors, they can easily walk away from the job as they can be traced easily. In terms of standardizing and upgrading their skills, a lot of programs or classes should be arranged through human resources department also. Simultaneously, all the goods produce by local company which hired local labors can be exported as it is assumed as local goods and could contribute a lot in international trade. Responsibility of Ministry of Defense Apart from that, to reduce illegal immigrants, Ministry of Defense should responsible on it. Through Polis Di Raja Malaysia (PDRM), they can gather all the immigrants and send them to their country. Those who already got permit or visa to stay in our country could stay and work for our country in few amounts of labors. So, any bad action by them could be traced and any lawful terms can be charged on them. Therefore, it will be no negative images in our country and investor can easily make profit here without worries. Co-operation from the company which hire illegal immigrant. Other than that, those companies which hired a lot of illegal immigrants should support the effort on reducing these immigrants. Hiring them easily is inappropriate way to gain profit quickly. They should be very particular on this matter. Although illegal immigrants did no care a lot on their wage, it is such unlawful manner to hire them as worker as it breaks the rules. Development companies especially need to co-operate with immigration or PDRM in solving this problem. They should disclose the amount of workers or labors they used at the side and provide the records and information of the workers to avoid hiring illegal immigrants. Change in law Some of illegal immigrants might think that they will only be send back to their countries if they were caught entering our country illegally. Therefore, they should some change in the punishment for those immigrants. They should be jailed or other higher punishment so that they will realize how hard it is if they were caught in Malaysia. As most of them entered Malaysia through sea, the marine soldier should put a lot of effort regarding this matter. They should analyze how these immigrants can passed the border easily. Besides, they need to be more efficient in guarding the coast and it will simultaneously secure reputation as the navy. Co-operation with the immigrants country Co-operation with the immigrants country also can contribute in reducing illegal immigrants in our country. Through Ministry of Foreign and Domestic, a lot of ways could be discussed with their government upon this matter. They should be responsible on their people who become illegal immigrants in our country. Besides, it will create bond between our country and them so that, we do not have to worry on this immigrants matter anymore as their country will settle it themselves.

Catcher in the Rye :: essays research papers

Catcher in the Rye Author Information :   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jerome David Salinger was born in New York City in 1919. He attended and graduated from a military acedemy, then shortly attended two colleges. He has written some of the most influencial American literature in the twentieth century. Some of his short stories originally appeared in the New Yorker magazine and were later published as in the book, Nine Stories. However, Salinger has not published anything since 1963. Analysis :   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have chosen to do symbolism. The symbols are clearly made evident by Holden’s constant repetition of their importance. The symbols are so important and their symbolism are directly related to the major themes of the novel. Allie, Holden’s young brother who died some years earlier, was a key symbol through out the story. When Holden remembers incidents from his past involving Allie, his attitude changes, like as when he writes the composition about Allie’s baseball glove or when Holden broke his hand after punching all of the windows after Allie died. He feels that Allie was one of the few people who were not phony in a world full of phonies. But more importantly, Allie represents the childhood that Holden strives to find through out his multi-day journey. In Holden’s opinion, Allie represents the purity that Holden looks for in the world. Holden admits that he admires Allie more than he admires Jesus. Allie is Holden’s role model, whom he judges the rest of the world to. When Allie dies, it creates heartache in Holden’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another symbol is when walking through New York City, Holden arrives at the Museum of Natural History. He remarks about the museum that he likes the glass cases that the museum officials place all of their exhibits in. He wishes he could place parts of his life in glass cases because they won’t change. In the end, he decides not to go into the museum. He likes the museum because he used to go there in his childhood, a time that he remembers with happiness. Since the glass cases inside the museum don’t allow anyone to change anything, it would be the one place for Holden to go if he wanted everything to be as it was during his childhood. However, he elects to remain outside because he is afraid that there is a chance that the museum might have changed. Jane Gallagher changed since his childhood and Holden thought that was unbelievable, so if Jane could change, perhaps

Conditions according to John Casey impact on Police Practice and Community Policing Essay

â€Å"Critically examine the conditions, which according to author John Casey impact both positively and negatively on the police practice required to implement a community policing strategy† There are a variety of conditions according to John Casey that impact both positively and negatively on police practice and on community policing strategies. Some impacts on these strategies are the types of model police practices such as democratic Anglo-peelian, continental, developing, and authoritarian regimes. Other conditions that impact on police practice and community policing strategies such as; country stability, community cohesion, pay rates of police, trust within the community and police, political agenda, resources for the police and means for reform and many more. Some of the most easily identified negative impacts that Casey (2010) expresses is the ethnic minorities in communities and the negative impacts that he explains reflected within these situations. Reinforcing these conditions and helping to express Casey’s (2010) concepts of impacts on police practice and community policing is Skolnick and Bayley, (1988) in ‘Theme and Variation in Community Policing’ as well as the Ontario Ministry Of Children And Youth Services, (2010) in ‘Community Policing Strategies’, Cordner (1995) in ‘Community policing: elements and effects’ and also Tyler (2005) with ‘Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police’. A combination of Casey and these other authors can help to explain and identify the positive and negative conditions that impact on police practice and implementation of a community policing strategy. Before looking at individual conditions that positively and negatively impact directly on police practice and community policing, the main models of policing such as Anglo-peelian, continental, developing and authoritarian have shaped the current conditions. According to Casey (2010), Skolnick and Bayley, (1988) as well as the Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth services (2010) there is no one true meaning as to what community policing is as the meaning changes from culture and geographical location. In the past according to Cordner (1995), the idea of community policing was considered to be only an aspiration, but not an operational concept, which is still valid in some countries that are still developing. To this day though the concept of community based policing can basically be defined as working with a community, engage with it and co-operate together for the benefit of both the community (also known as the geographic residents of an area) and the police (Casey 2010). Casey (2010) argues how the idea and concept of community policing is now a global aspiration or goal for most countries in their policing practices, but it is important to recognize that the meaning is different for each country and may not be evenly used throughout. Development is still undergoing (Cordner 1995), but community policing is very much active now (Casey 2010). Anglo-Peelian (also known as democratic) mode is one of the main policing models in Western societies. The advantages that Casey (2010) explains are the effective response of police, better methods of preventing crime, more effective work and information by working with communities, making the citizen central is paramount in this model of policing. It is also effective as it can easily balance community welfare and the initial crime prevention roles and actions that the police undertake. In contrast to this approach, the continental policing model is similar to an extent. This can be seen from the basic principles for the reasoning of need for the introduction of community policing, (even though the continental community policing comes under a different name known as neighborhood policing (Casey 2010). The primary difference can be seen within the policing practice, for example, the continental policing practice such as in France, focuses on being more present in the community and operating in the community, as opposed to actually working with the community such as in the Anglo-peelian model. Another difference between these two policing models is that with the continental model according to Casey (2010), focuses more primarily on actual geographical locations, more central policing practice and state focused on militarized policing rather than emphasis on ethnic and racial minorities and communities such as the Anglo-peelian model. Developing countries are limited as they don’t have the growing and stable economy or community to generally maintain an effective community policing strategy. Majority of the police in developing countries are highly corrupt as a result of lack of morale, low pay, corruption and many other reasons. Countries still developing their communities within them are self-policing and governing rather than police governing. Skolnick and Bayley (1988) emphasis the limitations that models such as for developing countries may face as a result of lack of funds and resources to effectively improve the police standard and community policing. Finally the last policing model, the authoritarian practice according to Casey (2010) is said to be actually moving away from the general attempts to implement community policing in society such as within china (Skolnick and Bayley 1988). Community based policing encourages the cooperation of police and residents within communities. Without trust and co-operation such as found within the strict authoritarian model, there is a lack of information of crimes, possible minorities may form in retaliation of the policing strategies, and individuals may start to feel marginalised as well. There are positives and negatives found within all these different types of policing practices. There are a number of conditions that are concern and determine the effectiveness of policing practice and community policing. There are both positive and negative impacts of these conditions. Some general conditions according to Casey (2010) revolve around the stability of the community and the co-operation and cohesion of this community. For the concept of community policing to work, there must be a sense of stability within the community, trust with the police, belief of the community that the police are generally interested in the benefit of the community (Ontario Ministry Of Children And Youth Services, 2010), the belief and will of the country and community political commitment to help reform and provide a better form of safety and cohesion of the community for its own benefit. Another concept that is argued again is the resources of the police and government in different countries that allow the functioning of these policing practices being undertaken. For example, in developing countries, there are not usually any resources to apply these policing practices. Therefore also due to these different conditions within this country such as South Africa for example, there won’t be a positive effect of community based policing strategy; because of culture and other impacts on the type of communities and the running of the country will not allow for the community policing as opposed to other western countries such as how well it would benefit Australia. Other conditions that Casey (2010) also expresses that impact on the implementation of community policing, such as the connection and networks of the community with itself, the police and also other international organizations which is fundamental in positive direction of community policing and the practice worldwide. These conditions are greatly influential and impact on the positive or negative effects of community policing and policing practice globally. To further examine these impacts and conditions an example where all these conditions interplay with the policing practice and community policing can be seen with ethnic groups, minorities such as in multicultural Australia. Due to discrimination, some groups of people may feel stigmatized or marginalized in society. Some people that come to Australia may already have a negative idea and concept of police from their previous country which will make it harder for Australian police to connect and build trust with these individuals. Although these conditions play a major role in the policing practice, it may be found that some problems that rise is over-policing on these ethnic groups and discriminating against them. A negative side-effect of this is possible ethnic based gangs who prey on their own community (Casey 2010) and develop distrust and rift between the community and the police, disrupting the progression for a desired community based policing strategy. As Tyler (2005) states, the trust in the police and the community is usually to have low morale and cooperation due to distrust, a sense of unfairness in policies and regulations surrounding these minorities and also the way in which the police conduct their policing. If the police and these groups worked together for community safety, other benefits such as allowing effective social preventative procedures, proactive partnerships, responsive and confidence in community and police co-operation, better trust between community, mutually beneficial ties, creating local-level accountability, working with other agencies and NGO’s to better help efficiency in operation would occur and build a stronger overall wellbeing and cohesion. In conclusion, Casey (2010), demonstrates that there are a variety of different negative and positive aspects of community policing and policing practices. It is also evident through Casey’s work (2010) and also a variety of other authors, the different conditions arise and impact on the implementation of these community based strategies such as policing type models and community stability, resources and many more. There are a variety of positive and negative impacts according to John Casey that impact on police practice and community policing. References Casey, J. 2010. Comparing Policing Strategies. In Policing the World: The practice of International and Transnational Policing. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, pp. 58 – 87 Cordner, G. 1995. Community policing: elements and effects. Police forum: Academy of criminal justice sciences police section, 5 (3), pp. 1 – 16. Ontario Ministry Of Children And Youth Services. 2010. Community Policing Stategies. Review of the roots of youth violence: a review of major theoretical perspectives, 5 [Accessed: 4 Sep 2013]. Skolnick, J. and Bayley, D. 1988. Theme and Variation in Community Policing. Crime and Justice, 10 pp. 1 – 37. Tyler, T. 2005. Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police. Police Quarterly, 8 (3), pp. 322—342

Borrowings Words Research Paper Essay

Introduction The theme of the research paper is â€Å"English borrowings†. This theme arouses my interest as it’s widely discussed in all scientific circles. New languages are born, some die out, and lots of them mix up with each other. These facts have a great influence on the humanity. Nowadays the language that influences Russian the most is English. English has become an international language and is used all over the world. More and more people, both youth and grown ups, use this words in their speech. These words are used in all sorts of activities: politics, fashion, trade, medicine, law, military, mass media, sports. The aim of my research paper is to investigate the borrowed words in different spheres of life and their usage in modern Russian language. The tasks of the research paper: * to give general information about the borrowed words; * to investigate the process and the way of borrowings; * to determine the importance of the borrowed words. The subject of my research paper is borrowings. Methods of investigation are: * the method of observation; * questionnaires; * magazine and TV programme analyzing; * interviewing. Practical significance of the results of investigation consists in the fact they can be used in teaching English for Belarusian and Russian students. We all agree that a language is the most important part of human communication. The main element of every language is speech. It consists of words and word combinations. Lots of words in Russian are borrowed from other languages. The knowledge of these words is essential as we meet them every day and everywhere. These words are usually not specific but are known to the most part of native speakers. Borrowings – are words and word combinations, adopted from one language to another according to its phonetic and grammatical rules. Borrowing – 1) (process) resorting to the word-stock of other languages for words to express new concepts, to further differentiate the existing concepts and to name new objects, etc.; 2) (result) a loan word, borrowed word – a word taken over from another language and modified in phonemic sh ape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of the English language. The number of borrowings is different in each language. There are languages full of loan-words, such as Korean: it includes about 2/3 of Chinese lexical units. Others have a little number of loan-words: such as Russian, French and German. Nevertheless, there are languages – Czech, Chinese and Hungarian – which make an effort in order to avoid the input of foreign words and try to make up new words and expressions for a new concept by their own lexical units. But there is no language without any borrowings because nations can’t be separated from each other and communication – cultural, scientific and trade – can’t be synthetically stopped. There are different types of borrowings. In the most cases the necessity of adopting some word appears with the penetration of corresponding item or acquiring new notion. In this way the word â€Å"Ã' Ã ¿Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ¢â‚¬  – â€Å"spoutnik† in French and â€Å"sputnik† in English was borrowed by many languages from Russian after the launch of the first Soviet artificial sputnik of the Earth. The flow of borrowing foreign words into Russian language had especially increased in 90-s. It is connected with the inflexions in such spheres as politics, economy, culture and new concepts of morality. The extraordinary expansion of foreign lexica had been observed in this period. I Reasons for borrowings From the ancient times Belarusian nation came into cultural, trade, military and political relations with other states that certainly lead to the language borrowings. Within the process of usage the majority of them were exposed by the borrowing language influence. Step by step loan-words, assimilated (from Lat. â€Å"assimilare† – Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã ²Ã °Ã ¸Ã ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã'Æ'Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ¾Ã ±Ã »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å') in borrowing language, had formed the layer of widespread words and by this time weren’t perceived as foreign anymore. In different epoch words from other languages penetrated into original Russian vocabulary. The borrowed words appeared mostly in such spheres as mass-media, advertising and IT, because they present the most update phenomena of our modern lifestyle. It became fashionable for nowadays to use borrowings which came from English into Russian. It is conditioned by the tendency of American society idealisation, where the social life level is very high. Also we can’t deny the speed of technical progress in English speaking countries. It is obvious that they have a great potential in almost every sphere of modern society. That’s why we need to borrow words in order to name new concepts. Day after day people rig their houses with the most modern and high-technological equipment. So in order to use such â€Å"house-helpers† people had to study the technological information including the appropriate terminology. So that such words as â€Å"Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã µÃ ²Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ¾Ã'€â€ , â€Å"Ð ¼Ã ¸Ã ºÃ' Ã µÃ'€â€  and many others came into our lives. The most demonstrative example is the word â€Å"Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¿Ã'Å'Ã'ŽÃ'‚Ð µÃ'€â€ . Not so long ago this notion acquired the status of everyday usage word with the process of total computerization. We can hear this term almost everywhere and even from a little child. Almost in every newspaper we can see advertisements with such a text: â€Å"Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ ±Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  Ã' Ã ¿Ã µÃ'†Ð ¸Ã °Ã »Ã ¸Ã' Ã'‚ Ã' Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã ½Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µÃ ¼ ПК†; and everyone understands that it means the knowledge of various computer programmes. The other reason and may be the most important is that English language nowadays serves as the language of international communication. May be we should wait a little and â€Å"Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ´Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã'  Ã'€Ð µÃ'‡Ã'Å' Ð ² Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ½ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð º Ã' Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð µÃ'‚Ã' Ã' Ã¢â‚¬  as Sergey Yesenin wrote in his poem. Many Russian scientists are very troubled with the tendency of English and American words penetration into Russian language. There are a lot of examples in the history when one language gradually absorbed the other one. But as for me I think that Russian language is very rich and it has a great potential to get rid of everything superfluous or unnecessary and it is one of the richest language of the world while including a layer of loan-words in its vocabulary. But in addition to the classical borrowings, which serve to identify new notions, there is a new tendency in Russian language – borrowing the words from English language, which alre ady exist and are used in everyday life. For example, it is very fashionable to say â€Å"Ã'…Ð °Ã ¸Ã'€â€  from English â€Å"hair† which means â€Å"Ð ²Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‹ Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ °Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"Ã'„Ã' Ã ¹Ã' Ã¢â‚¬  from English â€Å"face† instead Russian â€Å"Ð »Ã ¸Ã'†Ð ¾Ã¢â‚¬ . It is clear that we can’t use such borrowings in the scientific speech or in literary works. Here we can talk about the process of stylistic distinction of the loan-words. Everything is changeable and language especially. The reason is that the language is the most sensitive phenomenon to the changes in the surrounding world: economics, politics and technological progress with its inventions. Only language can express our feelings, actions, thoughts and relations among people, events that occur with us. II Spheres of borrowings The joining of borrowings into Russian language increased especially in 90 years of XX century. The tendency of expansion foreign words could be observed in almost every sphere of life. It occupied the leading position in political sphere of the country getting accustomed with new concepts: president, inauguration, speaker, impeachment, electorate and others. Such words began to form the layer of new social and political vocabulary. At last time, the main source of linguistic stuff became contemporary mass media. While reading newspapers or watching TV every person is confronted with a great number of borrowed words. In this way, new concepts come into our life. The speed of foreign words’ penetration became faster within the development of mass media. It is necessary to stand for spheres of borrowing of English words such as: information technologies, a policy, the international relations and cooperation, business sphere, cultural interaction of the countries and the people, sports. The process of adoption of new words is determined by nations’ contacts which generate a necessity of new concepts and ideas nomination. Such words are usually the results of some nation’s innovation in any sphere of science or technics. They may also appear as a consecutive result of snobbery, fashion. Nevertheless, there are essential linguistic reasons: for instance, the necessity to express polysemantic Russian words by means of foreign word or to widen the expressive means of a language, etc. III Classification of borrowings Linguistic borrowing are words (morpheme or syntactic construction) and set expressions, moved from one language to another. The beginning of English borrowings in Russian language refers to the beginning of XVII century. Later by the middle of XIX century loan-words entered Russian to become its essential part. The word-stock of international vocabulary was being arisen. 1. Loan-word can be a synonym to the original one: For example: Ð ¤Ã °Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€ – Ð ±Ã ¾Ã µÃ'†; ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ³ – Ð ½Ã °Ã ±Ã »Ã'ŽÐ ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ; КÐ ¸Ã »Ã »Ã µÃ'€ – Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã'†Ð °; ПÐ ¸Ã °Ã'€ – Ã' Ã ²Ã' Ã ·Ã ¸ Ã'  Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'‰Ð µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã'Ž; КÐ ¾Ã ½Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã ºÃ'‚ – Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€; etc. 2. Loan-word can replace the Russian word: For example: Ð ¡Ã µÃ ºÃ ¾Ã ½Ã ´-Ã'…Ã' Ã ½Ã ´ – Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã' Ã' Ã ¸Ã ¾Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¼Ã °Ã ³Ã °Ã ·Ã ¸Ã ½; КÐ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¿Ã'Å'Ã'ŽÃ'‚Ð µÃ'€ – Ð ­Ãâ€™ÃÅ"; Ð ¨Ã ¾Ã'Æ' – Ð ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ²Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ; etc. 3. Loan-word that has no equivalent in Russian language, new notions borrowed from another culture with the respective unit or concept: For example: Ð ¡Ã ¿Ã'€Ã' Ã ¹; ИÐ ½Ã ²Ã µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€; Ð’Ð ¸Ã'€Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹; ЛÃ' Ã ¿Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¿; ДÐ °Ã ¹Ã ´Ã ¶Ã µÃ' Ã'‚; etc. In some cases the application of foreign words is not appropriate, in others – it is necessary, as these words make up an essential part of lexis, fixed over the definite style. Types of borrowings It is possible to distinguish the following groups of loan-words: 1. Direct borrowings. The words are met in Russian in the same form and in the same meaning as in the initial language. They are: â€Å"Ã'Æ'Ð ¸Ã º-Ã' Ã ½Ã ´Ã¢â‚¬  – weekend, leisure time; â€Å"Ð ±Ã »Ã' Ã ºÃ¢â‚¬  – black(man) or Afro-American; â€Å"Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã¢â‚¬  – money or cash. 2. Hybrids. These words were formed by addition of Russian suffixes, prefixes and endings to the foreign root. In this way the meaning of the word often changes. For example: â€Å"Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ·Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å'† (busy – Ð ±Ã µÃ' Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¹Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹, Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ'‚Ð »Ã ¸Ã ²Ã'‹Ð ¹), â€Å"Ð ·Ã °Ã ³Ã'Æ'Ð ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å'†, â€Å"Ð »Ã °Ã ¹Ã ºÃ ½Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'Å'†, â€Å"Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð ½Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'Å'† and others. 3. Calques. Word of foreign origin using with the preservation of its phonetic and graphic shape. They are: â€Å"Ð ºÃ ¾Ã  ´Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Ð ²Ã ¸Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Ð ºÃ »Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Ð ´Ã ¸Ã' Ã ºÃ¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã ³Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Ð ±Ã °Ã ºÃ' Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Ð ´Ã ¸-Ð ´Ã ¶Ã µÃ ¹Ã¢â‚¬  etc. 4. Half-calques. Words which after being grammatically assimilated were put under the grammatical rules of Russian language (suffixation). For example: â€Å"Ð ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ¹Ã ²Ã¢â‚¬  – â€Å"Ð ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ¹Ã ²Ã °Ã¢â‚¬  (drive) â€Å"Ð ´Ã °Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ¹Ã ²Ã °Ã¢â‚¬  – Ð ² Ð ·Ã ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ¸ Ã' Ã ½Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã ºÃ °, Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ã'€Ð °Ã ¶. 5. Exotisms. Such words are characterized by specific national customs or manners of foreign nations and are used to show the atypical for Russian reality notions. The distinctive feature of them is that they have no equivalent or synonyms in Russian. For example: â€Å"Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ¿Ã' Ã'‹â€  (chips), â€Å"Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚-Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ³Ã¢â‚¬  (hot-dog), â€Å"Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ±Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð ³Ã µÃ'€â€  (cheeseburger). 6. Foreign lingual spots. Such words usually have lexical equivalents, but they stylistically differ from these equivalents and are used in the sphere of communication as expressive means to add a peculiar emotiveness to the speech. For example: â€Å"Ð ¾Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã ºÃ µÃ ¹Ã¢â‚¬  – OK; â€Å"Ð ²Ã °Ã'Æ'† – Wow. 7. Composites. Words which were made by means of two or more English lexical units. For example: â€Å"Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ ¾-Ã' Ã °Ã »Ã ¾Ã ½Ã¢â‚¬  –a special apartment for watching movies, â€Å"Ã' Ã µÃ ºÃ ¾ Ð ½Ã ´-Ã'…Ã' Ã ½Ã ´Ã¢â‚¬  – a shop that sells the goods which have already been used, â€Å"Ð »Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ½Ã ¶-Ð ±Ã °Ã'€â€  – a comfortable cocktail bar. 8. Jargonisms. These are words appeared in consequence of some sounds distortion. For example: â€Å"Ð ¼Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾Ã¢â‚¬  – e-mail, â€Å"Ð ºÃ'€Ð µÃ ·Ã °Ã ½Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'‹Ð ¹, Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã ·Ã °Ã ½Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'‹Ð ¹Ã¢â‚¬  – crazy. If to speak about the time period there are two major types of borrowings. The first type is presented by old borrowings which were actualized during last years with respect to the political and economical systems modification. The second type includes the number of loan-words which were made directly during last years. IV Research part Nowadays the language that influences Russian the most is English. It is unsurprisingly because English has become an international language and is used all over the world. With the help of the Internet and the mass media the number of English slang words are increasing. More and more people, both youth and grown-ups, use these words in their speech. These words are used in all sorts of activities: politics, fashion, trade, medicine, law, military, mass media, sports. I have analyzed: 1. some TV programs; 2. some newspapers, magazines; 3. the names of the shops in Novogrudok and Minsk; to find out how deeply English borrowings have come into Russian. PART 1 English borrowings on TV The biggest part of borrowings comes from: * the names of some channels; * new kinds of programs invented in the USA and the UK; * new types of films; * sports programs; * music programs. The titles of some channels contain English letters or words. For example: EuroSport, National Geographic channel, Discovery Channel, Animal planet, Viasat History, Europe Plus, Kino club, EuroNews. A big part of entertaining programs were invented in the USA. That’s why the names of some types of programs are English. We can name capital show, talk show, reality show, paranormal show. Modern types of some films have come also from the US, because the motion picture arts were born there. It is a thriller, a detective, a western, a soap-opera, a love story, a sitcom, a fantasy, an action film. So many English words have entered the Russian speech from TV. A lot of English borrowings dedicated to different kinds of sports have come into Russian language. It is possible to explain it because many sports were originated in England. I will give for example channel TNT where some names of programs are English borrowings and it is brightly expressed. From TNT we know: Comedy club, Comedy woman, Cosmopolitan video version, Interns, Nasha Russia. In appendix I quoted words, that more often than others we can hear on TV. Youth commercial music and popular-entertaining channels are in the lead. So I can say that English words influence on teenagers and their speech is full of English words. PART 2 English borrowings in newspapers and magazines Lots of people read magazines and newspapers every day. And I have tried to indicate the most used magazines and have noticed that many of them have English names. In the Internet I have found information about the quantity of all the magazines and magazines with English names. I looked through all the magazines and chose only those which contained English names. In the Internet I have found information about the quantity of journals and magazines with English names of Belarusian publishing houses. I looked through all the magazines and chose only those which contained the English names. Even the articles in these journals contained different amounts of borrowings, all depended on the topic of the article and the magazine. â€Å"Cosmopolitan† is very popular with young people. Such Belarusian newspapers and magazines â€Å"Belarus Today†, â€Å"Pressbol†, â€Å"Personal computer†, â€Å"Press hit†, the magazine â€Å"Minsk review†, the magazi ne â€Å"Planet† are popular with people. PART 3 English borrowings in the names of the shops and some goods Borrowings have always come to the language through a variety of goods trade. And today, new products bring its contribution to linguistic borrowing. There are a lot of sources of borrowings. Among them I can name: * names of the stores; * names of cafes and restaurants; * product names; * household appliances. Every day people go shopping and find English words everywhere. Firstly, I would like to highlight the names of the stores in our town and our capital – Minsk, in the title of which there are some English words and letters: Axis, Respect (shoe stores), Berghouse, Tom Tailor, Delta sport, Sportmaster, Belmarket, Massive, Preston-market, Globo, Coolman, Maximus, Prostore and others. Every day people go shopping to buy different goods and the names of these items, written by a bright bold are well-remembered by consumers. We buy food every day and see the words Coca-Cola, Sprite, Bubble Gum, Chupa-chups, Ice-tea, Sandwich, Cracker, Alpine gold, Chips, Ð ¤Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ'‚ Ã'‚Ð °Ã ¹Ã ¼, Nuts, Snickers, Picnic, Mars, Bounty, Red Bull, beefsteak, grapefruit, Juice, Juicy fruit and others. We use different cleaning products, washing powders. The names of these products are also easily included in our language. Some words related to personal hygiene is also borrowed from the En glish language: Colgate, Fairy, Tide, Blend-a-med, Ariel, Mister Muskul, Clean, Vanish, Dove, Head and Shoulders, Cleaning, Mather care, and others. Food for pets also brings its contribution to the borrowing of words: Pedigree, Whiskas, Puppy, Parrot, Royal Canine and others. Household appliances and computer equipment have given us Cannon, Flash, Computer, Laptop, Notebook, iPhone, iPod, mp3Player, gadget, Smile, trader, level, IQ, chat, Sticker, names of kinds of music, Game, Player, Media, Mixer, Toaster, the names of many brands have become a part of our speech: Top shops, Top hits etc. Borrowings have come into fashion and become the names of cafes, clubs and restaurants: â€Å"Beatles†, â€Å"Blackberry†, â€Å"REST†, â€Å"Aero Cafe†, â€Å"Double Coffee†, â€Å"Chill Out†, â€Å"Quarter City†, â€Å"Birhause†, â€Å"Europe†, â€Å"Overtime†, â€Å"Madison Royal Club†, â€Å"West World Club†, â€Å"Next Club† and others. PART 4 The questionnaire We have asked the pupils of our school some questions on the topic English borrowings: 1. How often do you use English words in your speech (except English lessons)? 1. often 2. sometimes 3. do not use 2. Is it possible to speak without English borrowings? 1. yes 2. no 3. it’s difficult to answer 3. Does Russian need English borrowings? 1. yes 2. no 3. it’s difficult to answer Results of the questionnaire are presented in the appendix. Conclusion During the study of intercultural communication of Russian and English languages it became clear that the process of new words’ borrowing occur intensively enough. So the history of the country has a great influence upon the history of the language. All events in the history such as: wars, revolutions, trade, economical and political contacts, new inventions and many others always have a definite reflection in the lexical system of a language. As for nowadays a great interest of linguists is concentrated upon the Russian–English lingual communication. Increase of informational flow, appearance of Internet, expansion of international relationships, development of world trade, economy, informational technologies, participation in various international competitions, fashion shows and other things are the reasons that caused the new words entering into Russian lexis. The openness of our society leads us to a considerable enlargement of mental outlook and range of interests, and to the improvement of foreign languages knowledge. The number of new concepts and phenomena Russian in origin is very limited. That’s why the adoption of already existing nomination with the respective notion and item is considered to be the most prestigious and effective way of enlarging the vocabulary. We have seen that Russian language is not as systematic as English, or any other European languages, it is a still changing and flexible system. According to this research we can see that modern Russian language can be hardly imagined without English words. The main sources of English borrowings are: Mass media, TV, magazines and Stores. In this course project I have made the classification of loan-words which includes: direct borrowings, hybrids, calques, half-calques, exotisms, foreign lingual spots, composites and jargonisms. Besides there are some other classifications: according to the system-defined relations and according to the time period of borrowing the word. Time will show us if these borrowings can change, enrich or deteriorate the image of Russian language. Time will define the future destiny of each loan-word which is to be finally adopted or rejected by linguistic flavor of the epoch. Russian language has a long history of adopting words dictated by the necessity to perceive useful information in the form of new words drawing on international experience. However, national originality of Russian language did not suffer at all from the penetration of foreign words into it, as the process of borrowing is quite natural way of any language enrichment. Russian language preserved its self-dependency and just got rich by means of borrowed words. So on channels Sport and Belarus 2 we often hear such words as: Football/Match/Football boots, Surfing/Windsurfing, Bodybuilding, Power lifting, Basketball, Snowboard, Free ride, Backcountry, Kickboxing/Mix fight. There are a lot of other kinds of sport: volleyball, tennis, auto sport, motorsport, baseball, skateboarding, Aerobic, Gymnastic, Break dance, arm sport, badminton, bobsleigh, bowling, darts, golf, curling, paintball, Rafting, squash, hockey, cheerleading and so on. There are uncountable quantity of English words that we hear on TV. I want to repeat just few of them which I often hear: TV, show, teenager, model, musical, show business, celebrity, style, fashion, trend, top, super, weekend, test-drive, up-grade, jazz, hip-hop, rap, pop, rock-and-roll, cover, PR-manager, image-maker, battle, freestyle, casting, comment, Hollywood, designer, track, boyfriend, price-list, exclusive. Some of the Belarus periodicals: AutoNews.by. Automobile news. www.autonews.by The Internet newspaper â€Å"BSB NEWS† Economic reviews, exchange rates, news, comments, bank services, events, reportings, author’s materials. www.news.bsb.by The newspaper â€Å"Autodigest† Automobile weekly journal www. ADT.by The newspaper â€Å"Belarus Today† The electronic version of the newspaper. www.belarustoday.by The newspaper â€Å"Pressbol† News of the Belarus sports, interview, comments, statistics. www. PBby The newspaper â€Å"Personal computer† The news Internet, iron reviews, useful programs, councils skilled, humour and still is a lot of interesting. www. PK.by The newspaper â€Å"Press hit† Weekly the most interesting and actual articles from more than 100 newspapers of the world. www.presshit.by.ru Magazine  «MINSK REVIEW » Reference magazine Magazine â€Å"Business† Monthly business magazine. To PART 4: Results of the questionnaire. List of literature: 1. БÃ'€Ð µÃ ¹Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€ ÐÅ". Ð .  «Ã Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ¼Ã'‹ Ð ² Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¼ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ µ: Ð ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'  Ð ¸ Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ã' Ã ¿Ã µÃ ºÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã ²Ã'‹Â », Ð’Ð »Ã °Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã º: Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾  «Ãâ€Ã ¸Ã °Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã‚ », 1995. 2. ГÃ'Æ'Ã'€Ã'Å'Ð µÃ ²Ã ° Ð ¢.Ð . Ð ¡Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ã'Å' Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ã'… Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ². – ÐÅ": ООО Â «ÃÅ"Ð ¸Ã'€ Ð ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ³Ã ¸Ã‚ », 2003. 3. ДÃ'Å'Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Ð . И.  «ÃÅ¸Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ½Ã'‹ Ð ¸Ã ½Ã'‚Ð µÃ ½Ã' Ã ¸Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ² Ð ² Ã' Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¼ Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¼ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ µÃ‚ », Ð Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ¸Ã ±Ã ¸Ã'€Ã' Ã º, Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾  «Ã ¯Ã ·Ã'‹Ð º Ð ¸ Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'Å'Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð °Ã‚ », 2003. 4. Ðâ€"Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã »Ã µÃ ² Ð .Ð ¤. ИÐ ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ã'‡Ð ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ·Ã °Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ² Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¼ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð µÃ'‡Ð ¸Ã ¸ (Ã'„Ð ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã ºÃ °, Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'„Ð ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã' , Ð »Ã µÃ ºÃ' Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ °Ã'  Ã' Ã µÃ ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ºÃ °) // ГÐ ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð µÃ'‡Ð ¸Ã µ. ÐÅ"., 1984 5. КÐ ¾Ã ¶Ã µÃ ²Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° Ð’. П., Ð Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã °Ã µÃ ²Ã ° П. Ð .  «Ãâ€ºÃ ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã' Ã ½Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ºÃ »Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¹ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ã'Å' », ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ ²Ã °, Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾  «Ã ¡Ã ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã ºÃ  °Ã'  Ã' Ã ½Ã'†Ð ¸Ã ºÃ »Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã' Ã‚ », 1987. 6. КÃ'€Ã'‹Ã' Ã ¸Ã ½ Л. П.  «ÃËœÃ ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ã'‡Ð ½Ã'‹Ð µ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ° Ð ² Ã' Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¶Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ½Ã ¸. Ð  Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¹ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð º Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ½Ã'†Ð ° XX Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã »Ã µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã' Ã‚ », ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ ²Ã °, 1996. 7. Ð ­Ã »Ã µÃ ºÃ'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'€Ã'Å'  «ABBYY Lingvo 11 » Ã'ˆÐ µÃ' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ², 2005. 8. www.belsmi.narod.ru. 9. www.philology.ru 10. www.wikipedia.org 11. yazykoznanie.ru